摘 要 目的 解決刀具破損聲發(fā)射監(jiān)測中抗干擾性差和可靠性低的問題。方法 依據(jù)刀具破損的聲發(fā)射信號特征和加工過程中的主要聲發(fā)射干擾噪聲的特征,采用自適應(yīng)濾波、高低通濾波信號比較、雙閾值判別等監(jiān)測方法剔除干擾信號并準(zhǔn)確地識別刀具破損信號。結(jié)果 研制的新型監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),以冷卻潤滑液為聲發(fā)射波的傳播媒質(zhì),安裝、使用方便,體積小,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。結(jié)論 經(jīng)實驗證明,該系統(tǒng)具有較強的抗干擾性和較高的可靠性。
關(guān)鍵詞 刀具破損; 聲發(fā)射; 監(jiān)測; 抗干擾
分類號 TG502
Anti-Interference Technology for the Tool Breakage
with the Acoustic Emission Monitoring
Yang Dayong Wang Xinyi Xu Chunguang Jia Yuping
(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)
Abstract Aim To solve the problem of low interference resistance and low reliability in the acoustic emission monitoring for the tool breakage. Methods Based on the feature of tool breakage's and primary interference's acoustic emission signal during manufacturing process, the signal of tool breakage was identified with the monitoring methods such as differential amplifying, the distinguishing method with double threshold value. This monitoring and processing method was discussed. Results The corresponding monitoring system is developed. The system uses cooling and lubricating liquid as the medium to transmit AE wave, which can be handily installed. In addition, the system has many advantages, such as small volume and compact structure. Conclusion The experiment proved that the system has relativly high interference resistance and reliability.
Key words tool breakage; acoustic emission; monitoring; anti-interference
部級基金資助項目作者研究了刀具破損時的聲發(fā)射信號[1~3],提出了一種新的抗干擾性強的監(jiān)測方法,研制了相應(yīng)的新型監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)把傳感器、前置放大器、信號處理、控制系統(tǒng)集成為一體,利用液體傳播聲發(fā)射波,可直接安裝在機床主軸旁邊。電源、線路板的布線和元器件布局都采取了抗干擾措施。同時依據(jù)電磁兼容設(shè)計原理,采取了一點接地、殼體屏蔽結(jié)構(gòu)。
1 切削加工中的干擾噪聲
在切削加工過程中,由于存在著大量的聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象,如3個切削變形區(qū)的塑性變形與金屬間摩擦、切屑斷裂,主軸齒輪嚙合、滾動軸承振動,因此必需把它們所產(chǎn)生的聲發(fā)射信號與刀具破損的聲發(fā)射信號區(qū)分開,并把刀具破損AE(acoustic emission)信號以外的噪聲去除。
試驗采用以冷卻潤滑液為傳播媒體的非表面接觸的聲發(fā)射傳感器,該傳感器將前置放大器(帶寬4MHz,增益60dB)集成在內(nèi)部,靈敏度高,其傳遞幅頻特性如圖1所示。圖中縱坐標(biāo)為幅度G/dB。傳感器的諧振頻率為1MHz,由圖可見,在4MHz以下的頻率范圍內(nèi)都具有較好的傳遞特性。數(shù)據(jù)采集使用最高采樣頻率5MHz的數(shù)據(jù)采集板。對刀具破損信號和主要的干擾噪聲進行采集并存儲在計算機內(nèi),然后用信號處理軟件對其進行分析。
圖1 傳感器傳遞特性圖